BALB/c小鼠多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染模型的建立和评估

本研究旨在构建小鼠多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染模型，评估模型小鼠各项炎性指标的变化特征，为研究多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的体内致病性提供参考。首先采用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)检测拟建模用鲍曼不动杆菌的毒力基因分布特征，然后通过感染秀丽隐杆线虫筛选建模菌株。结果显示，A5株携带更多的毒力基因，致病性也更强，被选为建模菌株。给小鼠注射环磷酰胺建立免疫抑制，雾化吸入A5株菌液(高、低密度组)，监测小鼠状态、肺组织改变、肺组织和肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，BALF)中菌落计数、外周血白细胞和中性粒细胞计数、细胞因子等的变化。结果显示，感染A5株的小鼠较对照组状态更差，肺充血水肿，肺组织和BALF中出现鲍曼不动杆菌增殖。与低密度组相比，高密度组小鼠外周血白细胞和中性粒细胞增加更明显(白细胞F＝78.630，P＝0.000；中性粒细胞：F＝4.762，P＝0.053)。与对照组相比，感染A5株的小鼠血清白细胞介素6(interleukin 6，IL-6)水平升高并趋于稳定(F＝14.382, P＝0.001)，而肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α，TNF-α)水平持续升高(F＝4.558，P＝0.032)，高密度组与低密度组TNF-α变化趋势不完全一致。结果提示，本研究成功构建了小鼠多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部感染模型，且模型小鼠出现了明显的感染症状，接种菌量与小鼠感染程度呈正相关。     

Transgenic mice overexpressingγ-aminobutyric acid transporter subtypeⅠ develop obesity

INTRODUCTION7-aminobutyricacid(GABA)isthemajorinhibitoryneurotransmitterinthevertebratecelltralnervoussystemwhereitactingesavaxietyofGABAreceptortypes.TheneurotransmissionofGABAisthoughttobeterllilnatedbyit'srapidre-uptakeviaGABAtransportersintopresynapticneuronsandsurroundingglialcellsll,2].BesidesfUnctioningintheterminationofsynaptictransmission,GABAtransportersplayacriticalroleintheregUlationofthemagnitudeanddurationofGABA'sactionandmayajsomediatethereleaseofGABAintotheedrac…     

Jurassic artematopodid beetles and their implications for the early evolution of Artematopodidae (Coleoptera)

Fossil Artematopodidae are rarely collected and previously confined to middle Eocene Baltic amber. Here we report the first definitive artematopodid, Sinobrevipogon jurassicus gen. et sp.n. , from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds (c. 165 Ma) in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. It exhibits a number of defining features of Artematopodidae, including paired carinae on prosternum and an internal apical interlocking tongue on the ventral side of each elytron. However, it differs from any modern Artematopodidae by having the mesocoxal cavitiy closed by the mesepimeron and the anterolateral edge of metanepisternum. The discovery of this new genus represents the earliest fossil record for Artematopodidae, highlighting the antiquity of the family. The systematic positions of Forticatinius Tan & Ren and Tarsomegamerus Zhang are discussed, and the latter is formally transferred to Artematopodidae. Phylogenetic relationships within Artematopodidae were investigated to elucidate the relationships between the two Jurassic genera and Recent genera. Eleven in‐group taxa and two out‐groups were included in a cladistic analysis based on 30 adult characters; the resulting tree recovered the family Artematopodidae in three clades: (i) Electribius authority, (ii) Ctesibius authority + Brevipogon authority + Sinobrevipogon + Tarsomegamerus and (iii) the remaining Recent genera, including Allopogonia authority.     

生态安全及其评价方法研究进展

生态安全是国家安全的重要支撑与组成部分，具有不受生态退化问题影响、且生态系统服务能有效支撑经济社会发展和保障人类福祉的意义。但长期以来，不同学者和决策者对生态安全概念内涵的理解有所差异，生态安全评价关注点和方法体系也不统一且存在局限，不利于相关研究与实践活动的科学开展。鉴于此，通过梳理生态安全概念内涵及其发展脉络，提出以生态系统之整体系统特征为核心基础、并紧密联系人类福祉的生态安全，明确其具有生态系统物质基础层面与人类社会发展层面两方面的涵义。在此基础上，总结了当前生态安全评价的案例研究。相关评价研究中普遍使用“压力-状态-响应”或者类似气候-生态环境-社会经济维度的指标体系及赋权加和的综合方法，这样的基于不同要素的评价，没能突出关系到生态安全的关键系统性特征，没有反映生态安全的动态性，同时也偏离了不同维度特征的实际意义。因此，本文阐述了以体现生态安全核心内涵的生态退化问题与生态系统服务为关注对象、构建具有相对性和动态性的指标体系、选择恰当的指标综合方法以进行生态安全评价的策略。根据此评价方法提出一些具体的研究展望，包括合理构建与发展生态安全评价的指标体系及综合方法，深入探讨生态系统与...